abstract：:Direct-to-consumer (DTC) DNA testing has grown from contentious beginnings into a global industry, by providing a wide range of personal genomic information directly to its clients. These companies, typified by the well-established 23andMe, generally carry out a gene-chip analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (S...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Chua EW,Kennedy MA

更新日期：2012-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (17β-HSD5) formally known as aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) play a major role in the formation and metabolism of androgens. The enzyme is highly expressed in the prostate gland and previous studies indicate that genetic variation in the AKR1C3 gene may influenc...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Schulze JJ,Karypidis H,Ekström L

更新日期：2012-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Processes such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, or invasion are strongly influenced by the surrounding microenvironment of the tumor. Therefore, the ability to change these surroundings represents an important property through which tumor cells are able to acquire specific functions necessary for tumor ...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Noël A,Gutiérrez-Fernández A,Sounni NE,Behrendt N,Maquoi E,Lund IK,Cal S,Hoyer-Hansen G,López-Otín C

更新日期：2012-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Botulinum neurotoxins are most potent of all toxins. Their N-terminal light chain domain (Lc) translocates into peripheral cholinergic neurons to exert its endoproteolytic action leading to muscle paralysis. Therapeutic development against these toxins is a major challenge due to their in vitro and in vivo structural ...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Toth S,Brueggmann EE,Oyler GA,Smith LA,Hines HB,Ahmed SA

更新日期：2012-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are widespread clinical modalities for cancer treatment. Among other biological influences, hypoxia is a main factor limiting the efficacy of radiotherapy, primarily because oxygen is involved in the stabilization of the DNA damage caused by ionizing radiations. Radiobiological hypoxia is...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Jordan BF,Sonveaux P

更新日期：2012-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Several aldo-keto reductase (AKR) enzymes from subfamilies 1B and 1C show retinaldehyde reductase activity, having low K(m) and k(cat) values. Only AKR1B10 and 1B12, with all-trans-retinaldehyde, and AKR1C3, with 9-cis-retinaldehyde, display high catalytic efficiency. Major structural determinants for retinaldehyde is...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Ruiz FX,Porté S,Parés X,Farrés J

更新日期：2012-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal activity, astrocytic responses to this activity, and energy homeostasis are linked together during baseline, conscious conditions, and short-term rapid activation (as occurs with sensory or motor function). Nervous system energy homeostasis also varies during long-term physiological conditions (i.e., developm...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Shetty PK,Galeffi F,Turner DA

更新日期：2012-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Corticostriatal circuits mediate various aspects of goal-directed behavior and are critically important for basal ganglia-related disorders. Activity in these circuits is regulated by the endocannabinoid system via stimulation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors. CB1 receptors are highly expressed in projection neurons and s...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Van Waes V,Beverley JA,Siman H,Tseng KY,Steiner H

更新日期：2012-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:There is growing evidence that the metabolic network is an integral regulator of cellular physiology. Dynamic changes in metabolite concentrations, metabolic flux, or network topology act as reporters of biological or environmental signals, and are required for the cell to trigger an appropriate biological reaction. C...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Ralser M,Michel S,Breitenbach M

更新日期：2012-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The market authorization procedure for medicinal products for human use is relying on their demonstrated efficacy, safety, and pharmaceutical quality. This applies to all medicinal products whether of chemical or biological origin. Since October 2009, the first advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) has been author...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Van Wilder P

更新日期：2012-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we discuss the consensus view on the use of qualifying biomarkers in drug safety, raised within the frame of the XXIV meeting of the Spanish Society of Clinical Pharmacology held in Málaga (Spain) in October, 2011. The widespread use of biomarkers as surrogate endpoints is a goal that scientists have lon...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Agúndez JA,Del Barrio J,Padró T,Stephens C,Farré M,Andrade RJ,Badimon L,García-Martín E,Vilahur G,Lucena MI

更新日期：2012-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacogenomics is moving from a candidate gene strategy to large scale approaches. This is in line with the new paradigm of linking a trait to (a) pathway(s) rather than to single genes. In addition, breakthroughs in genomics offer a non-a priori assessment of implicated genes, expanding the possibilities in pharmac...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： di Iulio J,Rotger M

更新日期：2012-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The foundations of innate immunity in neurodegenerative disorders were first laid by Del Rio Hortega (1919). He identified and named microglia, recognizing them as cells of mesodermal origin. Van Furth in 1969 elaborated the monocyte phagocytic system with microglia as the brain representatives. Validation of these co...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： McGeer PL,McGeer EG

更新日期：2011-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:All excitable cell functions rely upon ion channels that are embedded in their plasma membrane. Perturbations of ion channel structure or function result in pathologies ranging from cardiac dysfunction to neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, to understand the functions of excitable cells and to remedy their path...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Py C,Martina M,Diaz-Quijada GA,Luk CC,Martinez D,Denhoff MW,Charrier A,Comas T,Monette R,Krantis A,Syed NI,Mealing GA

更新日期：2011-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D deficiency is linked to accelerated decline in lung function, increased inflammation, and reduced immunity in chronic lung diseases. Epidemiological studies have suggested that vitamin D insufficiency is associated with low lung function in susceptible subjects who are exposed to higher levels of environment...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Sundar IK,Rahman I

更新日期：2011-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful drug delivery using implantable pumps may be found in over 12,500 published articles. Their versatility in delivering continuous infusion, intermittent or complex infusion protocols acutely or chronically has made them ubiquitous in drug discovery and basic research. The recent availability of iPRECIO(®), a...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Tan T,Watts SW,Davis RP

更新日期：2011-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In studies comparing regular versus on-demand treatment for patients with mild persistent asthma, on-demand treatment seems to have a similar efficacy on clinical and functional outcomes, but it does not suppress chronic airway inflammation or airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) associated with asthma. Data on the effic...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Montuschi P

更新日期：2011-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:This study explores historical iatrosophia texts from Cyprus from a botanical and medico-pharmacological point of view focusing on remedies containing resins and gums. The iatrosophia are a genre of Greek medical literature of Byzantine origin and can be described as medicine handbooks which serve as therapeutic repos...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Lardos A,Prieto-Garcia J,Heinrich M

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was aimed to investigate the effects of baicalin (BA), a major flavonoid constituent found in the herb Baikal skullcap, on dendritic cells (DCs). DCs were generated by culturing murine bone marrow (BM) cells for 6 days with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)-4, and lipopol...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Zhang H,Jiao Q,Gong Q,Zhang Y,Zhang W,Hu Z

更新日期：2011-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:European countries need to learn from each other to address unsustainable increases in pharmaceutical expenditures. OBJECTIVE:To assess the influence of the many supply and demand-side initiatives introduced across Europe to enhance prescribing efficiency in ambulatory care. As a result provide future gui...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Godman B,Shrank W,Andersen M,Berg C,Bishop I,Burkhardt T,Garuoliene K,Herholz H,Joppi R,Kalaba M,Laius O,Lonsdale J,Malmström RE,Martikainen JE,Samaluk V,Sermet C,Schwabe U,Teixeira I,Tilson L,Tulunay FC,Vlahović-

更新日期：2011-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:CLC-K channels belong to the CLC gene family, which comprises both Cl(-) channels and Cl(-)/H(+) antiporters. They form homodimers which additionally co-assemble with the small protein barttin. In the kidney, they are involved in NaCl reabsorption; in the inner ear they are important for endolymph production. Mutation...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Gradogna A,Pusch M

更新日期：2010-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The Health Improvement Network UK primary care database was used to identify a cohort of 38 077 individuals aged 50-84 years with a first prescription of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; 75-300 mg/day) for secondary prevention of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events during 2000-2007. From this cohort, 169 incid...

journal_title：Frontiers in pharmacology

authors： Cea Soriano L,Rodríguez LA

更新日期：2010-10-14 00:00:00